Chapter 4. Network Management

1: Which protocol is proprietary to Cisco, providing administrators with information regarding directly connected devices?

A. UDP

B. TCP

C. CDP

D. SNMP

2: At which layer of the OSI Model does CDP operate?

A. Physical layer

B. Data-link layer

C. Network layer

D. Transport layer

3: Which of the following items can CDP provide a neighboring device? (Choose five.)

A. Platform

B. Capabilities

C. Address list

D. Open ports

E. IOS version

F. Device identifier

4: You've just set up a Cisco router and want to enable CDP on the device. What do you need to do?

A. Do nothing; it's enabled by default.

B. Turn it on in Global Configuration mode.

C. Turn it on in Interface Configuration mode.

D. Do nothing; it's always on and cannot be turned off.

5: CDP is not enabled on one of your routers, but you would like to enable it for the entire router. Which of the following commands must you enter?

A. router(config-if)#cdp enable

B. router(config)#cdp enable

C. router(config-if)#cdp run

D. router(config)#cdp run

6: You need to disable CDP on your Cisco router. Which of the following commands must you enter?

A. cdp disable

B. no cdp run

C. no cdp enable

D. cdp off

7: What tool is used to remotely manage a Cisco device from any TCP/IP host?

A. Telnet

B. FTP

C. TFTP

D. CDP

8: You have a console connection to your Catalyst 2950 switch. You want to telnet to a router named Router1. What command could be entered at the command prompt? (Choose three.)

A. Router1

B. telnet router1

C. telnet Router1

D. Router2

9: You want to view the current Telnet connections initiated from your router. What command should you enter?

A. show telnet

B. show connections

C. show sessions

D. show users

10: You want to view the current Telnet connections connecting to your router. What command should you enter?

A. show telnet

B. show connections

C. show sessions

D. show users

11: When you are viewing multiple sessions with the show sessions command, which symbol indicates your last session?

A. #

B. %

C. ^

D. *

12: Which key sequence allows you to resume your last session after viewing the show sessions output?

A. Tab

B. Ctrl+Shift+x

C. Enter

D. Ctrl+Esc

13: You need to suspend your current Telnet session. What key sequence allows you to do this?

A. Ctrl+Shift+6, followed by x

B. Ctrl+Shift+x

C. Ctrl+Esc

D. This cannot be done.

14: What IOS command allows you to continue a suspended session? (Choose three.)

A. Pressing the Enter key

B. resume

C. resume

D. continue session

15: You have noticed several sessions connected to your router, and they have long idle times. You would like to close these sessions. What is the proper IOS syntax?

A. clear line

B. close session

C. end session

D. end telnet

16: You need to verify connectivity to a remote host. You want as little traffic as possible generated to confirm connectivity. What network utility will quickly provide you this information?

A. ping

B. trace

C. telnet

D. tftp

17: You have noticed intermittent connectivity to a remote host. You want to determine the route traffic is taking to help narrow down the problem. Which of the following commands shows you the actual routes of packets between devices?

A. ping

B. TRace

C. telnet

D. tftp

18: Which internal router component contains the software and data structures that allow the router to function, including the IOS?

A. RAM

B. ROM

C. Flash

D. NVRAM

E. Configuration register

19: Which internal router component contains microcode for basic functions to start and maintain the router, including bootstrap and POST?

A. RAM

B. ROM

C. Flash

D. NVRAM

E. Configuration register

20: Which internal router component is nonvolatile and primarily used to store the Cisco IOS software image?

A. RAM

B. ROM

C. Flash

D. NVRAM

E. Configuration register

21: Which of the following internal router components is mainly used to store the saved configuration file named startup-config?

A. RAM

B. ROM

C. Flash

D. NVRAM

E. Configuration register

22: Which internal router component controls how the router boots up and is part of NVRAM?

A. RAM

B. ROM

C. Flash

D. Configuration register

23: Which of the following is a low-level operating system normally used for troubleshooting and password recovery?

A. Bootstrap code

B. ROMMON

C. POST

D. "Mini" IOS software file

24: Which of the following is microcode used to test the basic functionality of the router hardware and determine the router hardware configuration?

A. Bootstrap code

B. ROMMON

C. POST

D. "Mini" IOS software file

25: Which of the following is used to bring the router up during initialization and reads the configuration register to determine how to boot?

A. Bootstrap code

B. ROMMON

C. POST

D. "Mini" IOS software file

26: Which of the following is capable of loading a new IOS image into flash and performing other maintenance operations?

A. Bootstrap code

B. ROMMON

C. POST

D. "Mini" IOS software file

27: You want to view the IOS image that is currently stored in flash. What command displays the image?

A. show ios

B. show flash

C. ls flash

D. list flash

28: What command displays information stored in RAM?

A. show ram

B. show running-config

C. show startup-config

D. list ram

29: What command displays information stored in NVRAM?

A. show ram

B. show running-config

C. show startup-config

D. list ram

30: Your configuration register boot field is set to 0x0. What is the effect on how the router boots?

A. It uses ROM monitor mode.

B. It automatically boots from ROM.

C. It examines NVRAM for boot system commands.

D. It automatically boots from RAM.

31: Your configuration register boot field is set to 0x1. What is the effect on how the router boots?

A. It uses ROM monitor mode.

B. It automatically boots from ROM.

C. It examines NVRAM for boot system commands.

D. It automatically boots from RAM.

32: Your configuration register boot field is set to 0x2. What is the effect on how the router boots?

A. It uses ROM monitor mode.

B. It automatically boots from ROM.

C. It examines NVRAM for boot system commands.

D. It automatically boots from RAM.

33: You need to confirm the value set in your configuration register before you restart your router. What command should you issue?

A. show running-config

B. show startup-config

C. show reg

D. show version

34: What command should you enter to modify the value of the configuration register?

A. config register

B. configure register

C. config-register

D. conf-register

35: What functions are controlled by the bits of the configuration register? (Choose two.)

A. Enable IP

B. Set baud rate

C. Use NVRAM config

D. Enable AUX port

36: Which of the following are URL prefixes used in the Cisco IOS filesystem? (Choose four.)

A. bootflash:

B. flh:

C. flash:

D. nvram:

E. ram:

F. rom:

37: You've executed the show flash command and see the file c2500-js-1_120-3.bin is stored there. What does the js represent?

A. The platform

B. Special capabilities

C. Where the image runs

D. The version number

38: What does CDP stand for?

A. Cisco Detection Protocol

B. Cisco Discovery Protocol

C. Connection Discovery Protocol

D. Connection Detection Protocol

39: You need to create a backup image file of your IOS. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?

A. copy startup-config running-config

B. copy running-config startup-config

C. copy flash tftp

D. copy tftp flash

40: You want to clear out the current startup-config stored in NVRAM on your router. What is the appropriate IOS command?

A. erase startup-config

B. delete startup-config

C. clear nvram

D. delete nvram

41: Your debug information doesn't include information that lets you know the time when the information was recorded. What command should you issue to remedy this situation?

A. log timing

B. enable time

C. service timestamps

D. log timestamps

42: After enabling debugging on your router, you want to ensure that maximum resources are freed up by disabling all debugging. What command should you enter?

A. disable debug

B. no debugging

C. no debug all

D. debug off

43: Which of the following commands should not be entered, as it may cause a system crash?

A. write mem

B. copy starting-config running-config

C. debug all

D. erase starting-config

44: Before you load a new IOS image, you want to make sure you have enough flash memory to support the image. What command should you run to check how much total flash memory is installed?

A. show memory

B. show flash

C. show startup-config

D. show nvram

45: You are attempting to troubleshoot a remote router via a Telnet session. You want to view console messages on the current terminal line. What command is appropriate?

A. telnet debug console

B. telnet console

C. terminal monitor

D. terminal debug monitor

46: You are troubleshooting your router's performance, and you want to use the debug command. However, you are concerned about debug further degrading the router's performance. What command can help you determine whether you should run debug?

A. service timestamps

B. debug minimal

C. show processes

D. debug test

47: You need to make many alterations to the configuration your router is currently using. You want to be sure you are able to revert to this configuration when you are done, in case problems arise. What command should you run?

A. copy running-config tftp

B. copy startup-config tftp

C. copy tftp running-config

D. copy tftp startup-config

48: You are copying a configuration from the TFTP server into the configuration in RAM. What will happen with the two configurations?

A. The RAM configuration is backed up.

B. The RAM configuration is lost.

C. The two configurations merge.

D. An error message is returned.

49: You are copying a configuration from the RAM into the configuration in NVRAM. What will happen with the two configurations?

A. The NVRAM configuration is backed up.

B. The NVRAM configuration is lost.

C. The two configurations merge.

D. An error message is returned.

50: You have loaded the wrong IOS image, and the router will not boot. What is your first step?

A. Enter ROMMON mode.

B. erase flash

C. erase ram

D. erase nvram

Answers and Explanations
A1: Answer: C. The Cisco Discovery Protocol is proprietary to Cisco and can give an administrator's address and other information regarding directly connected devices. A is incorrect, as UDP is a fast, connectionless, and nonproprietary protocol. B is incorrect, as TCP is a nonproprietary, connection-oriented, and reliable protocol used in network communication. D is incorrect because SNMP is used for network management and is not proprietary to Cisco.

A2: Answer: B. CDP runs at the Data-link layer, allowing it to be network layer protocol-independent, working with both IP- and IPX-based networks. A is incorrect, as CDP does not operate at the Physical layer, and D is incorrect because CDP does not operate at the Transport layer. C is incorrect because IP and IPX are network-based protocols, but CDP is not.

A3: Answers: A, B, C, E, and F. CDP can provide the device hardware platform, a list of supported features such as source-route bridge, the network layer address, IOS version, and a device identifier such as the device's hostname. D is incorrect as CDP doesn't display open ports on the neighboring device.

A4: Answer: A. CDP is enabled by default. B and C are incorrect because even though CDP can be controlled in Global Configuration mode, it is enabled by default. D is incorrect because CDP can be turned on or off as necessary.

A5: Answer: D. You must enter the cdp run command from Global Configuration mode. A is incorrect because the cdp enable command is used in interface configuration mode and enables CDP on a particular interface. B is incorrect because the cdp enable command does not work in Global Configuration mode. C is incorrect; the command is right but must be in Global Configuration mode, not Interface Configuration mode.

A6: Answer: B. The proper syntax on Cisco routers is no cdp run. A is incorrect; cdp disable is not a valid command. C is incorrect; the syntax is proper for older Catalyst Switches only, and is not valid today. D is incorrect; this is an invalid command resulting in an error message.

A7: Answer: A. Telnet can be used to gather information about remote devices. B is incorrect; FTP is used to transfer files and can include authentication. C is incorrect; TFTP uses no authentication. D is incorrect, as CDP can gather information about neighboring devices only. If you telnet to a remote device, CDP may show information about the remote device's neighbors. However, without Telnet, CDP has no capability to display remote device information.

A8: Answer: A, B, and C. Each of these commands attempts a Telnet session with Router1. D is incorrect, as you want to telnet to Router1, not Router2.

A9: Answer: C. The show sessions command verifies your Telnet connectivity and displays a list of hosts to which you have established a connection. A and B are incorrect because they are not valid IOS commands. D is incorrect; the show users command displays remote users who have initiated a session to your router.

A10: Answer: D. The show users command displays remote users who have initiated a session to your router. A and B are not valid IOS commands. C is incorrect; show sessions verifies your Telnet connectivity and displays a list of hosts to which you have established a connection.

A11: Answer: D. The asterisk indicates your last session in the show session's output. A is incorrect; this symbol is most closely associated with Privileged EXEC mode. B is incorrect; this symbol does not indicate the most recent session. C is incorrect; the caret indicates where an error begins in a mistyped command.

A12: Answer: C. Simply pressing Enter resumes the last session. A is incorrect; pressing Tab completes partially entered commands. B and D are incorrect; these sequences do not perform the desired function.

A13: Answer: A. The correct key sequence to perform this task is Ctrl+Shift+6, followed by pressing x. B, C, and D are incorrect, as all other key sequences do not perform the correct task.

A14: Answers: A, B, and C. These are all valid ways to continue a suspended session. D is incorrect; continue session is not a valid IOS command.

A15: Answer: A. The clear line command, accompanied by the line number, clears the session. B is incorrect; this syntax is not supported. C and D are invalid IOS commands.

A16: Answer: A. ping uses ICMP and generates information regarding connectivity to the remote host. B is incorrect; although trace can determine connectivity, it generates more traffic than ping. C is incorrect; telnetting to the remote host can confirm connectivity, but it generates more traffic to do so. D is incorrect; tftp cannot be used to test connectivity to a remote router.

A17: Answer: B. TRace can determine connectivity, and it shows the path the traffic takes to the destination. A is incorrect, as ping uses ICMP and generates information regarding connectivity to the remote host but does not show the path. C is incorrect because telnetting to the remote host can confirm connectivity, but it doesn't provide path information. D is incorrect because tftp cannot be used to test connectivity to a remote router; it is used for transferring files.

A18: Answer: A. RAM contains the software and data structures that allow the router to function, so A is the correct response. IOS and the running configuration are part of RAM. B is incorrect, as ROM contains the microcode for functions such as bootstrap and POST, and also contains ROMMON. C is incorrect; flash memory contains the Cisco IOS software image and is nonvolatile. D is incorrect because NVRAM is nonvolatile and is used to store the startup-config. E is incorrect; the configuration register controls how the router boots up.

A19: Answer: B. ROM contains the microcode for functions such as bootstrap and POST, and also contains ROMMON. A is incorrect because RAM contains the software and data structures that allow the router to function. IOS and the running configuration are part of RAM. C is incorrect; Flash memory contains the Cisco IOS software image and is nonvolatile. D is incorrect, as NVRAM is nonvolatile and is used to store the startup-config. E is incorrect because the configuration register controls how the router boots up.

A20: Answer: C. Flash memory contains the Cisco IOS software image and is nonvolatile. A is incorrect because RAM contains the software and data structures that allow the router to function, and IOS and the running configuration are part of RAM. B is incorrect; ROM contains the microcode for functions such as bootstrap and POST, and also contains ROMMON. D is incorrect because while NVRAM is nonvolatile, it is used to store the startup-config, not the IOS software image itself. E is incorrect; the configuration register controls how the router boots up.

A21: Answer: D. NVRAM is nonvolatile and is used to store the startup-config. A is incorrect, as RAM contains the software and data structures that allow the router to function, and IOS and the running configuration are part of RAM. B is incorrect because ROM contains the microcode for functions such as bootstrap and POST, and also contains ROMMON. C is incorrect because flash memory contains the Cisco IOS software image and is nonvolatile. E is incorrect; the configuration register controls how the router boots up.

A22: Answer: D. The configuration register controls how the router boots up, so D is the correct answer. A is incorrect, as RAM contains the software and data structures that allow the router to function, and IOS and the running configuration are part of RAM. B is incorrect because ROM contains the microcode for functions such as bootstrap and POST, and also contains ROMMON. C is incorrect; Flash memory contains the Cisco IOS software image and is nonvolatile.

A23: Answer: B. ROMMON is a low-level operating system used for password recovery and troubleshooting; it has no routing or IP capabilities. A is incorrect; bootstrap code is used to bring the router up during initialization and to read the configuration register to determine how to boot. C is incorrect; POST is the microcode used to determine the router's hardware configuration. D isincorrect, as the mini-IOS software file is a subset of the Cisco IOS for loading a new IOS image into flash and performing other maintenance operations.

A24: Answer: C. POST is the microcode used to determine the router's hardware configuration. A is incorrect because bootstrap code is used to bring the router up during initialization and to read the configuration register to determine how to boot. B is incorrect; ROMMON is a low-level operating system used for password recovery and troubleshooting, and it has no routing or IP capabilities. D is incorrect because the mini-IOS software file is a subset of the Cisco IOS for loading a new IOS image into flash and performing other maintenance operations.

A25: Answer: A. Bootstrap code is used to bring the router up during initialization and to read the configuration register to determine how to boot. B is incorrect because POST is the microcode used to determine the router's hardware configuration. C is incorrect, as ROMMON is a low-level operating system used for password recovery and troubleshooting; it has no routing or IP capabilities. D is incorrect, as the mini-IOS software file is a subset of the Cisco IOS for loading a new IOS image into flash and performing other maintenance operations.

A26: Answer: D. The mini-IOS software file is a subset of the Cisco IOS for loading a new IOS image into flash and performing other maintenance operations. A is incorrect because bootstrap code is used to bring the router up during initialization and to read the configuration register to determine how to boot. B is incorrect; POST is the microcode used to determine the router's hardware configuration. C is incorrect; ROMMON is a low-level operating system used for password recovery and troubleshooting, and it has no routing or IP capabilities.

A27: Answer: B. The show flash command lists the contents of flash memory, including the IOS image file stored there. A is incorrect; show ios is an invalid command. C is incorrect; ls works in Unix, but it is not a Cisco IOS command. D is incorrect because list flash is not a valid IOS command.

A28: Answer: B. The show running-config command displays the current running configuration of the router, which is kept in RAM. C is incorrect; show startup-config lists the contents of NVRAM and the configuration used on startup. A and D are incorrect because they are invalid IOS commands.

A29: Answer: C. The show startup-config command lists the contents of NVRAM and the configuration used on startup. B is incorrect because show running-config displays the current running configuration of the router, which is kept in RAM. A and D are invalid IOS commands.

A30: Answer: A. A configuration register value of 0x0 in the boot field causes the router to use ROM monitor mode, so A is the correct response. B is incorrect because a configuration register value of 0x1 in the boot field causes the router to automatically boot from ROM. C is incorrect, as a configuration register value of 0x2 in the boot field causes the router to examine NVRAM for boot system commands. D is incorrect because a configuration register value to automatically boot from RAM is not defined.

A31: Answer: B. A configuration register value of 0x1 in the boot field causes the router to automatically boot from ROM. A is incorrect because a configuration register value of 0x0 in the boot field causes the router to use ROM monitor mode. C is incorrect because a configuration register value of 0x2 in the boot field causes the router to examine NVRAM for boot system commands. D is incorrect, as a configuration register value to automatically boot from RAM is not defined.

A32: Answer: C. A configuration register value of 0x2 in the boot field causes the router to examine NVRAM for boot system commands. A is incorrect because a configuration register value of 0x0 in the boot field causes the router to use ROM monitor mode. B is incorrect because a configuration register value of 0x1 in the boot field causes the router to automatically boot from ROM. D is incorrect, as a configuration register value to automatically boot from RAM is not defined.

A33: Answer: D. The show version command displays the configuration register setting. A is incorrect, as show running-config does not display the configuration register. B is incorrect, as the command show startup-config does not display the configuration register value. C is an invalid IOS command.

A34: Answer: C. The config-register command followed by the register setting is the correct syntax to use for setting the configuration register. B is incorrect because this is not the proper syntax to set the configuration register. A and D are not valid IOS commands.

A35: Answers: B and C. The bits of the configuration register can also set the baud rate and have the router use the configuration saved in NVRAM. A is incorrect; the configuration register does not enable IP. D is incorrect; the configuration register cannot enable the AUX port.

A36: Answers: A, B, C, and D. The prefix bootflash: refers to bootflash memory, flh: refers to flash load helper log files, flash: refers to flash memory, and nvram: refers to NVRAM. E and F are incorrect, as ram: and rom: are not valid IFS prefixes.

A37: Answer: B. Special capabilities are represented by the second portion (js). A is incorrect; the platform is represented by the first portion (c2500). C is incorrect; where the image runs is indicated by the third portion ("1"). D is incorrect; the last portion (120-3) is the version number.

A38: Answer: B. CDP stands for Cisco Discovery Protocol, which is used to help manage and monitor Cisco devices. A, B, and D are incorrect, as they are not valid protocols.

A39: Answer: C. The copy flash tftp command copies the contents located in flash to TFTP. A is incorrect, as this merges your starting configuration into your running configuration. B is incorrect; this overwrites your starting configuration with your active, running configuration. D is incorrect, as this copies data from the TFTP server into flash.

A40: Answer: A. The erase startup-config command deletes the information stored in NVRAM. B, C, and D are invalid IOS commands.

A41: Answer: C. The service timestamps command records a time stamp with logged information, so C is the correct response. A, B, and D are invalid IOS commands.

A42: Answer: C. The no debug all command disables all debugging on the router. The other responses are all invalid IOS commands.

A43: Answer: C. The debug all command is extremely resource-intensive and should not be used. A is incorrect; this command can be used, even though it is an older form of copy running-config startup-config. B is incorrect because this command does not cause a system crash; it merges your starting configuration into your running configuration. D is an invalid IOS command.

A44: Answer: B. The show flash command displays the current amount of flash memory installed on the system. A is incorrect; show memory shows detailed information about the RAM on the router. C is incorrect because the startup configuration does not include memory information. D is an invalid IOS command.

A45: Answer: C. The terminal monitor command displays console messages to your Telnet session and is useful for remote troubleshooting. The other responses are all invalid IOS commands.

A46: Answer: C. The show processes command displays information regarding the CPU utilization on the router, so C is correct. If the CPU is heavily taxed, debugging may cause extreme performance degradation. A is incorrect; this command enables time stamps with logging information. B and D are invalid IOS commands.

A47: Answer: A. This command copies the configuration currently in use (running-config) to your TFTP server. B is incorrect; this command copies the starting configuration to your TFTP server. The starting configuration is not the currently running configuration, but the configuration used when the router boots. C is incorrect; this command copies from the TFTP server to the running configuration. D is incorrect, as this command copies from the TFTP server to the starting configuration.

A48: Answer: C. When you copy from any location into RAM, a merge occurs. Nonconflicting settings are kept and added, and conflicting settings are overwritten. A is incorrect; you should perform a backup when making this operation, but one is not performed automatically. B is incorrect; the running configuration is not lost. D is incorrect; no error message is returned.

A49: Answer: B. When you copy the running configuration from RAM into the startup configuration, the startup configuration is lost, replaced by the running configuration. A is incorrect; a backup is created only if you manually create one. C is incorrect; merges occur only when you are copying from anywhere into RAM. D is incorrect, as no error message is returned.

A50: Answer: A. This problem can be fixed in ROMMON mode, and this is the first step you must take. B is incorrect because you must enter ROMMON mode first. C is incorrect; the problem does not lie in RAM, and you must enter ROMMON mode first, regardless. D is incorrect; the problem is not in NVRAM, and you must enter ROMMON mode first.